液壓萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩大部分：（液壓）加荷系統(tǒng)和測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。加荷系統(tǒng)通過油缸活塞把力傳遞給固定在試驗(yàn)臺(tái)下面的負(fù)荷傳感器，由負(fù)荷傳感器把力信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)傳送給測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。通過測(cè)量系統(tǒng)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理、分析，從而得出試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。

Hydraulic universal testing machine is mainly the structure can be divided into two parts:(hydraulic) loading system and the measuring system. Loading system to load sensor force to the fixed under test by a piston, the force by the load sensor signals into electrical signalstransmitted to the measuring system. By measuring system for processing, analysis of data,so that the test results.

液壓萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)的度盤指針靈敏性差，卸荷后有中途停止現(xiàn)象，或者零點(diǎn)位置經(jīng)常變動(dòng)。此種現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生原因是多方面的。齒桿上的滑輪及其道軌灰塵過多、銹蝕。此時(shí)需要卸下清洗干凈，再加少許鐘表油。指針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸臟，應(yīng)清洗。齒桿壓片和齒桿之間有接觸，應(yīng)調(diào)松。緩沖器回油情況不良，應(yīng)加以調(diào)整或清洗。測(cè)力活塞上的皮帶脫落或太松（使活塞不能勻速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)）。測(cè)力活塞在油缸內(nèi)摩擦力增大或卡死現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)用氧化鉻研磨膏對(duì)研，直至正常為止。擺錘在揚(yáng)起過程中有阻礙物，或者擺軸太臟或銹蝕，使指針回零變動(dòng)大。

Dial pointer sensitivity of hydraulic universal testing machine, unloading after the stop, orzero locations often change. Reasons for this phenomenon are in many aspects. Pulley gearrod and track too much dust, rust. Remove the washed clean, add a little oil for watch and clock. The pointer shaft dirty, should be cleaned. A contact between the gear lever cover andgear lever, should loosen. Buffer oil return the situation is bad, should be adjusted or cleaning. The force on the piston belt off or loose (the piston can not uniform speed). Force measuring piston in the oil cylinder friction increases or stuck phenomenon, application ofchromium oxide grinding paste on the research, until the normal. The pendulum in the raiseprocess has obstacles, or just too dirty or corroded, the pointer back to zero changes.

拉伸試驗(yàn)是材料力學(xué)性能測(cè)試中的重要實(shí)驗(yàn)。傳統(tǒng)的拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的設(shè)備一般都是液壓萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)。隨著電測(cè)電控技術(shù)在試驗(yàn)機(jī)上的廣泛應(yīng)用，市場(chǎng)上相繼開發(fā)了微機(jī)控制電子萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)和微機(jī)控制液壓伺服萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)。微機(jī)控制液壓萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)仍然采用液壓油作為動(dòng)力源，與老式液壓萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)不同之處是采用液壓加荷與微機(jī)系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合的技術(shù)，利用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理及圖形顯示，從而使試驗(yàn)機(jī)功能更完善，操作更便捷，數(shù)據(jù)更準(zhǔn)確。另外，微機(jī)液壓伺服萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)與微機(jī)電子萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)比較，其的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是動(dòng)力性強(qiáng)，加荷范圍寬。

The tensile test is an important test of mechanical properties of materials. The traditional tensile test of the equipment are generally hydraulic universal testing machine. With the wideapplication of electronic technology in electric measurement test machine, the market hasdeveloped a microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine and computer control hydraulic servo universal testing machine. Microcomputer control hydraulic universal testing machine still adopts the hydraulic oil as power source, the difference with the oldhydraulic universal testing machine is using the hydraulic loading and microcomputer system combines the technology, data acquisition, data processing and graphics to the test by computer, so that the testing machine function is more perfect, more convenient operation,more accurate data. In addition, comparison of micro hydraulic servo universal testing machine and micro electronic universal testing machine, its biggest advantage is the stronger power, wide range of loading.

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